Synthetic fuel pdf

D.4.2 Sasol Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel D4.2.1 Sasol synthetic kerosene, see clause D.4.2.4, is currently the only fully synthetic jet fuel which has been approved for use. D.4.2.2 The aromatic content of Sasol fully synthetic fuel shall not be less than 8.0% nor greater than 25.0% by volume when using method IP 156, or less than 8.4% nor of synthetic jet fuel in aviation according to the models through to 2050. Section 4 discusses the scenario outputs and recommends improvements in model design and evaluates challenges and opportunities for synthetic fuels in the future of energy systems modelling. We draw conclusions in Section 5. 2. Synthetic Jet Fuel Manufacture Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas . Synthetic Hydrocarbon Fuel (Synfuel) could replace oil • Fuel can be manufactured by combining carbon and hydrogen into combustible hydrocarbons Carbon feedstock Coal, Tar Sand Oil Shell CO2 Biomass Synthetic fuel Diesel (CH2)n Gasoline Methane CH4 Hydrogen feedstock Fossil based H2O Biomass • This technology has been used for almost a century. Making low-carbon fuel AN ENERGY REVOLUTION: SYNTHETIC FUELS FROM CO 2 Our first-of-a-kind project has made the synthetic fuel DME from CO 2 and hydrogen - produced using renewable energy - which could transform how we live and work. DME (dimethyl ether) is a low-carbon, high-energy fuel, made from CO 2 and H 2 2. Characteristics of synthetic fuels and their production processes Generally, electricity-based synthetic fuels are fuels based on hydrogen and hydrocarbons, which can be produced by electricity. Hydrogen produced by electricity (Power-to-Gas) can serve as a transport fuel in fuel cell-based vehicles without further processing. Production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels ("synfuels") can help with the growing shortage of petroleum. Refined petroleum products or synfuels are generically [CH 2] n. Currently, synfuels are made from fossil resources, primarily coal and natural gas. In the coal process, one atom of carbon is produced as CO 2for every atom produced as CH Today, synthetic fuel production is synonymous with producing liquid fuel from a mixture of CO and H2 (syngas). Syngas is typically derived from nonrenewable fossil-based resources such as coal and natural gas. Research efforts to use biomass-based materials for syngas production have focused on high biomass feedstock flexibility [6,7]. As a result, the current capacity for synthetic fuel production is about 2.6 % of that of the total capacity of liquid biofuels (according to the former report produced within this project; Production of liquid advanced biofuels - global status), which, in turn, is about 3.5% of total fuel used for transportation. Synthetic fuels production can contribute to large scale hydrogen demand Need to evaluate potential hydrogen demand and associated cost EVALUATE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PRODUCING SYNTHETIC FUELS FROM ZERO-CARBON HYDROGEN - Approach 4 Analysis Framework Models & Tools Studies & Analysis Outputs & Deliverables GREET, H2A In the long run, as product slate demand for synthetic coal liquids becomes clarified,the optimization of an integrated coal-to-product plant can be designed in a much more sophisticated manner. 4The input costs were in certain instances drawn fr